录入者按：红色标记是录入者加入的。
1967.8.22英国驻华代办处被北京群众放火后，英国外交官就被局限在驻地不得外出。这份文件的信息来源是同代办处的中国服务员以及法国驻华外交官的聊天。
主要内容是：1.北京市革委持续受到冲击，尤其是高扬文和聂元梓。2.普通市民生活也日益困难，尤其是流氓和小偷猖獗。3.年轻人和年纪大的人都意识到文革不是官方所宣称的那回事，对运动产生了疏离感。
文件几处细节：1.声称聂元梓已经失去中央文革的支持，据说毛泽东说聂不能再被称为马列主义者，作为回应聂元梓称江青挑起内战。
2.盗窃和抢劫很猖獗，难以想象北京原本是世界上最安全的城市之一。作者称这或许和所谓解放时治安一样，但同僚说小偷比解放时还厉害，因为那时贼主要在郊区活动，现在则全市皆有。
3.流氓猖狂的原因之一是警察难以约束年轻人，因为他们会说“我们是毛主席养育的红卫兵”，这句话其实颇有嘲讽性。
一个法国外交官骑车时自行车胎扎了，到附近一个修车铺修车时引来了大量市民围观。外交官问北京近来如何，有人说很不好但也不知道具体发生什么；外交官问他们看人民日报吗，那里有很多消息，那人嘲笑的指着毛泽东头像说“人民日报？那里除他之外没别的新闻”。这段对话发生在大庭广众之下，但没人反驳。
作者认为，这些表明年轻人对革命的意义感到疏离。
CONFIDENTIAL
Office of the British
Charge d'Affaires
PEKING.
6 September, 1967
Although we are still gated within our compound
we have gained a clear impression from conversation with the servants and our colleagues
that the security situation within Peking has deteriorated very noticeably over
the last few weeks.
2. The Peking Revolutionary Committee, which is
already the second revised version of the old Municipal Committee and which was
unequivocally endorsed by the Cultural Revolution leadership in April, is now
under sustained criticism. For the past few days groups of obstinate Red Guards
have camped outside the Committee building and have refused to leave until they
were received by the person whom they wished to see. We have also heard reports
that on 4 September a group of Red Guards broke into the building and fought with
the occupants. A considerable amount of damage was apparently done during the
fracas.
3. One Committee official who has been under particularly
heavy fire is Kao Yang-wen, and there have been a lot of posters demanding that
he be exposed to the masses. Madame Nieh Yuan-tzu is also in very serious
trouble. We have been accustomed to seeing attacks on her from rivals in Peking
University and from outside groups but hitherto she has always been supported
by the Cultural Revolution Group. Now apparently she has lost this support. Mao
is alleged to have said that she can no longer be called a Marxist-Leninist. In
reply Nieh is said to have had the temerity to call Chiang Ch'ing the
"instigator of civil war".
4. Life for the ordinary residents of Peking has
also become very much more difficult over the past weeks. We have had many
reports from our own domestic staff and those of other Missions that people are
very reluctant to venture out late at night. One particular Chinese contact
said very recently that he only travels home at night along the main roads and
avoids the small ill-lit alleys. He also said that he no longer carries his
wrist-watch or his wallet to and fro from the flats. According to him some of
the alleys are patrolled by armed soldiers late at night, but the others are infested
with gangs of teenagers. The police are generally powerless since the youths
always reply "We are Red Guards, nurtured by Chairman Mao". Street
fights are now common-place even in broad daylight. We reported earlier the fight
at Hsi Tan market which resulted in a great deal of damage being caused and
brought about the closure of the market. Apparently the market is still shut
and the fights have still not ended there. Many people have witnessed street
brawls. Perhaps the most common sight is a crowd setting on to an individual,
who has perhaps been detected in theft. I realize all of this must sound
incredible, especially to those who like yourself have been in Peking during
the days when it was one of the safest cities in the world. I suggested very
tentatively to one of our staff that the situation in Peking at present was perhaps
almost as bad as the days before Liberation. He was very indignant about this
and said that at least before Liberation the thieves were confined to the
outskirts of Peking. Now they were all over the city. You will have read our
reports of the burning down of our Mission during which wrist-watches were
looted and the female staff present were molested. This is just a general
symptom of the extraordinary disintegration in social order in Peking over the
past weeks.
5. You will have noticed that the remark above
about the Red Guards being nurtured by Chairman Mao hardly fitted in with the
picture of universal veneration of Mao which the official press likes to present.
We have also evidence that this cynicism is not confined to people in daily
contact with foreigners. A member of the French Embassy recently had a puncture
in his tyre as he cycled round the town. He was directed by a policeman to go
to a nearby cycle-shop where the man in charge began to repair the tyre. As
usual a large crowd gathered round to stare at the foreigner, and a
conversation was started up. When our colleague asked
what was happening in Peking, one of the people answered that the situation was
pretty bad but they never really knew what was going on. The Frenchman then
asked them whether they read the People's Daily which had plenty of news. The
man answered scornfully "The People's Daily? That's full of nothing but
him", pointing to a portrait of the Chairman. All of this was said before
a sizeable gathering but no-one demurred.
6. We realise that much of this kind of reporting
is very piecemeal and it is easy to make false generalisations from small details.
Nevertheless, it seems clear that small-scale theft and
hooliganism are rampant in Peking on a scale which would have seemed unthinkable
a few months ago. Many of the young generals appear to be
totally disillusioned and cynical about what the Cultural revolution is meant
to bring for them . From conversations with older Chinese it is evident
that the older generation too has no illusions about the harm caused by the
present movement. Bearing in mind the general disorganisation in Peking at
present it is perhaps hardly surprising that criticisms of Mao should be openly
voiced. All the same if Mao is being publicly ridiculed in the capital one
hesitates to guess what they are saying about him in the other cities.
with care, particularly that coming from Chinese
sources.
I am
copying this letter to Emrys Davies in Hong Kong and Brian Gilmore in
Washington.
(L.
V. Appleyard)
CONFIDENTIAL
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