1968.1.12武汉钢铁厂的逃港者向英国人介绍情况
按：这位逃港者年仅29岁，东莞人，1963年在中山大学中文系毕业并加入中共,先被分配到中共武汉市硚口区委工作，次年调至中共武钢党委组织部工作，文革后被打为当权派的走狗，1967年2月被造反派送到单位的劳改队要求自我批评，在1967年11月28日突然逃离武汉，经广东于当年12月15日偷渡到香港新界。
他对英国人说：中苏关系破裂后，武钢的生产就因为缺少原料受到影响，主要是由于大冶的采矿问题；钢厂建成后从1965年就开始大幅减少工人了；文革后由于交通不畅，生产受到更大的影响，2号高炉、2和3号平炉先后停产，焦炭厂也部分停产。
有意思的是，虽然造反派当时是“踢开（中共）党委闹革命”，不过造反派内的中共党员代替失去权威的中共武钢组织部收缴党费，标准是：每月工资少于100元的交3元，月工资100到150元之间的交5元，超过150元月工资的交8元。
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CONFIDENTIAL
Comments of a Chinese who worked at the WUHAN steel
mill
(dated 12 January, 1968)
SUMMARY
1. After the deterioration
in Sino-Soviet relations, production at the WUHAN steel mill was affected by a
shortage of raw materials. This was due to the lack of progress in the
development of the TAYEH iron ore deposits. Round about 1965 the number of
employees at the mill was much reduced. In January 1967, when the cultural revolution intensified, transport
services became irregular, and the shortage of raw materials in particular
became grave. This added to the confusion at the mill. No. 2 blast furnace and
Nos. 2 and 3 open hearth furnaces successively ceased operations, and part of
the coking plant was also closed down.
2. A large number of the
cadres under criticism were formed into labour brigades and were made to work
and study. After the WUHAN incident, a three way alliance was set up anew
between the revolutionary cadres, representatives of the P.L.A. and
representatives of the TSAO FAN, but the "WUHAN mill No. 3 group", which was a left-wing
TSAO FAN organisation, did not
acquire any great following.
3. Prom the outset of 1967
"supplementary payments" and "assistance benefits" were not
provided.
TEXT Comments of a Chinese (party member, 20th grade
cadre, aged 29) who worked at the WHAN steel mill
from 1964until the end of November 1967, and who escaped from China via KWANGTUNG
province in mid-December, about the WUHAN steel mill, its production, and the state of the
cultural revolution there.
1. Brief personal history
The informant was born in SHIHLUNG (4258 7893) district, TUNG KUAN (2639 5451) Hsien, KWANGTUNG
province. As a child he was separated from his father, and was brought up by
his mother. His father later moved to HUANG HUA. He graduated from CHUNG SHAN
University in 1963, having read Chinese language and literature. After an excellent record
during the anti-rightist campaign at University (the anti-PENG TE-HUAI struggle
which began in 1959), he joined the party in 1963 at the introduction of
LIU WANG-YUAN, the first secretary of the University party committee. After
graduation he was assigned to the party committee of the CH'IAO K'0U (2890 0656)
district of WUHAN, and then in 1964 he was sent to the organisation section of the party committee at the
WUHAN steel mill. There his job was to investigate the personal history and
ideology of the employees.
After the formation of the TSAO FAN in the mill, he was criticised as a running dog of the power group,
and in February 1967 was sent to work in a labour brigade and told to criticize
himself. He subsequently refused to comply with the TSAO FAN’s demand for self-criticism which was put to him
dozens of times and on 28 November he suddenly deserted his labour brigade and
made his way to Canton. On 15 December he escaped to the New Territories of
Hong Kong.
2. The state of production
at the WUHAN steel mill
(i) After the deterioration in Sino Soviet relations, production at the WUHAN
steel mill was affected by a shortage of raw materials. This was due to
problems at the ore mining centre of TAYEH (1129 0396). The basic programme for
the development of TAYEH was divided into four stages, and the final stage had
yet to be realised. Because of this, recently more than half the raw iron for
use in the No. 1 blast furnace had consisted of scrap, and the No. 3 blast
furnace had ceased operation due to the shortage of raw materials. In 1966 the
annual production of ore at TAYEH was about 2 million tons. Also P'ING HSIANG
(5493 6763) mine in KIANGSI
province and HO PI (7729 1084) mine in HOPEH provided about 800,000 tons of coking coal. In the same
year steel production at WUHAN amounted to about 1 1/2 million tons.
(ii) Because of the intensification of the Cultural Revolution at the outset
of 1967, transport for raw
materials became irregular, and production dropped to some extent. The
situation was as follows:-
(a) Of two blast furnaces,
No. 2 ceased production from January to the beginning of November 1967.
(b) Of three open hearth
furnaces two were not used as from April 1967.
(c) In the rolling mill,
production of welded steel pipes ceased in the spring of 1967. (There were no facilities
for the manufacture of seamless pipes.)
(d) Of the two coking plants,
one ceased production in January 1967.
Furthermore, for about a month during the WUHAN
incident, even those blast furnaces,
open hearth furnaces and generating plant which had continued to function until
then, all temporarily ceased operation.
3. The Cultural revolution at the WUHAN steel mill
The TSAO FAN at the WUHAN mill consisted of the "United Steel
Workers", the "General Workers" and the "WUHAN No. 3
group" and of these the first two enjoyed the greatest support. The
"WUHAN mill No. 3 group" was a small faction made up mainly of
"students" (half work, half study individuals) and "assistants"
(unlike ordinary employees, these were taken on on short term contracts), but
after the WUHAN incident it received the support of the P.L.A. Among the
employees, any group on temporary work, irrespective of faction, were known as
the "destroy the past faction".
As for those who had been senior
executives at the mill before the cultural
revolution began, CH'EN I-CH'ING (7115
0001 3237) first secretary of the party committee (assistant to the head of
HUPEH province), CHOU SHIH-YING (0719 2514 2019) the manager (third secretary
of the WUHAN steel party committee) and HO CHIEN-CHING (0149 7002 3237) the
general works manager, all lost their jobs.
After the summer of 1967 the great alliance was set up, if only in form,
under the leadership of representatives of the three parties, namely the
representative of the P.L.A., a woman named CHOU (0719), WU CHAO-CH'ANG (0124
0340 2490) of the revolutionary cadres, and LI I-YING (2621 1355 5391), the
workers representative (WUHAN mill No. 3 group).
The labour brigades for the reeducation of cadres were three in number
and together amounted to about 100 persons. The day's programme consisted of
carrying coal during the daylight hours and study at night. The food ration of
staples only amounted to 0.2 chin three times a day. There was no rest at all,
and the treatment was outrageous.
4. The number of employees
at the WUHAN mill
Several years ago there were about 26,000 employees.
Subsequently workers from other occupations such as department stores, film and
theatre industries and shops, who had been temporarily transferred for the
original construction work, were released, and in 1965 the number was down to
about 17,000.
5. The situation in the
party committee
The party committee consisted of about 60 representatives
and the "party affairs" members numbered 18. The first, second, and third secretaries were
appointed and sent to their posts by the HUPEH provincial party committee
which was the senior organisation. After my arrival at the mill there had not
been any general meeting for party members.
The party organisation had lost its authority since the end of 1966, but
party funds were collected by special units set up by party members of the TSAO
FAN. The monthly contribution was 3 yuan for those earning less than 100 yuan,
5 yuan for those earning between 100-150 yuan, and 8 yuan for those receiving
150 yuan or more.
6. The allowance system
Until recently a kind of monthly bonus, the "subsidiary labour
allowanceu, had been paid to workers. In each factory, the party
organisation put forward the names of those who should receive the allowance,
and after general discussion the names were confirmed by the party committee.
However, from the beginning of 1967 the payments were revised to a standard
figure of 6 yuan a month per person. Also for the cadres who were responsible
for the economic situation, attitudes to work and ideology, there had been a
"subsidiary payment" of a maximum of 15 yuan amonth, 35 yuan a
quarter, and 70 yuan a year, but this was discontinued at the same time.
出处：英国外交官档案馆 FCO 21/27
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