农历1969年春节是2月17日，在此前后有数万香港居民来到大陆（一般都是广东）探亲。当他们在元宵节前后返回香港时，香港当局借机在罗湖口岸向他们调查在广东的见闻，当然这种调查是例行性质的，在平时也有。下面这份文件就是转送给英国驻华代办处的3月7日调查总结，要点包括：
1. 春节过后，广州当局正在准备更大规模的下放城市居民运动，包括调查学生背景，要求工厂汇报能接纳多少人留城等等。很多人对被下放感到不满。
2. 迎接中共第九届全国代表大会召开的各项宣传仍在继续，但3月2日的中苏边境冲突暂时转移了人们注意力，工厂停工、学校停课，以让更多的人能参加3月6日的示威游行。
3. 尽管治安加强，但春节期间小偷小摸之事仍然很多，很多行窃者是从乡下跑回城的知青。
4. 招兵工作看起来比较顺利，在火车站和各地都能看到欢送参军的标语和人们。
5. 不少地方在严防下放青年跑回广州或逃到香港，努力缓和当地农民和下放青年的关系。
6. 有些县原来收归公有的小块私人土地被还给农民自种。潮阳县食物匮乏，每人两周才能买一斤猪肉。
7. 有些回乡探亲的港人被当地工人纠察队密切监视，甚至上了几天洗脑班。有些地方希望港人留下来为“祖国”服务，无一例外遭到拒绝。
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CONFIDENTIAL
7th March, 1969
Part II
Summary of Information Received from Travellers at Lowu
General Situation - Kwangtung Province
The Spring Festival holiday having finished,
the Canton authorities are now
preparing to move a further large batch of residents to the countryside. Neighbourhood associations and production units
are once again enrolling potential assignees in readiness for the exodus which
is to start in April. Middle school authorities are understood to have been
instructed to investigate the backgrounds of their pupils with a view to
deciding which ones will be permitted to continue with their studies. Those students
who are rejected will be assigned to the communes with the exception of a few
who will be permitted to work in the city's factories. The Kwangtung Provincial
Revolutionary Committee is reported to have asked factory managements to
indicate whether or not they have vacancies which could be filled by the young
people.
2. The
prospect of being sent away from Canton is regarded with dismay by many;
according to one traveller drivers of the water taxis
which operate in the Pearl River
staged a "go-slow" after
they had been informed that many of them would be assigned to other areas.
3. There
were reports of continued propaganda regarding the 9th Party
Congress. Public address systems and
youthful propaganda teams constantly remind the populace to be ready to
celebrate the Congress. On the 4th and 5th March, however,
public interest was switched to the 2nd March incident on the
Sino-Soviet border. Loudspeakers relayed
a People’s Daily and Liberation Army Daily editorial on the subject, protest
banners and posters appeared all over Canton, and mass rallies and
demonstrations were attended by students, workers, and members of the P.L.A.
According to one arrival all Canton schools and
factories were to close on the 6th March to enable the maximum number of people
to partake in a final protest rally.
4. Despite the
tightening of public security precautions during the Spring Festival petty crime has flourished. Bus operators are reported to have complained of
delays to their schedules through having to report cases of theft on their
vehicles. Members of the Workers' Provost Corps are now riding the buses in
plain clothes in the hope of catching criminals red-handed. It is understood
that many of the latter are students who have absconded from their assignments
in the communes and who, having neither money nor
documents, are forced to prey on the public.
5. An arrival interviewed on the 2nd March remarked
that "during the past few days” many young P.L.A. recruits had been seen
awaiting entrainment at Taishatau Railway Station, the main Canton railway
terminus. Several travellers returning from the counties spoke of local
celebrations held to mark the departure of P.L.A. recruits. There were indications
that the recruiting campaign has gone well, many youths
were only too anxious to escape from the hard work and drab life of the
communes to the comparatively good conditions in the armed services.
6. From Panyu and Paoan counties came reports that strict
precautions were being taken to prevent the escape of youthful assignees from
the communes to either Canton or Hong Kong. The recent
escape of sixteen such assignees from a
commune in Kaoyao
County, on the other hand, brought no
action on the part of the local authorities, who are said to be confident
that the absconders will be forced by circumstance to return
of their own accord. The Revolutionary Committee in another Kaoyao commune is stated to be most anxious to
preserve good relations between commune members and the newcomers. In an attempt
to improve relations
between local fanners and newly-arrived students and cadres, the former have
been ordered to assist with the building of extra accommodation. In a commune
in Huahsien County, where the new commune supply system has
just been introduced, all schools have been closed so that the buildings may be
used to house newcomers from Canton and other areas.
7. The recent introduction of the commune supply
system has also been reported from communes in Huahsien, Paoan, and Chungshan counties. In the latter two
counties a proportion of privately
owned land which had earlier
reverted to commune control, has now been returned to local farmers for the
breeding of livestock and poultry. Similar action to return a
proportion of land to private ownership resulted after bitter protests from
farmers in a commune in Kaoyao County. A shortage of food was reported from a
commune in Chaoyang County where fish and edible oil were almost unobtainable,
the local authorities are understood to have imposed a strict control on pork
supplies and commune members may only buy one catty per person each fortnight.
8. Spring planting has started in some counties but
operations have been
hampered by the recent spell of cold weather and by an acute shortage of
artificial fertilizer.
Attitude to Hong
Kong Visitors - Kwangtung: Province
9. An arrival
interviewed on the 1st March remarked that
during his recent stay in
Canton he had been under constant surveillance from members of the Workers'
Provost Corps. The latter had visited him several times
to check his documents and to question him closely on his movements.
10. A traveller
who had visited relatives in Panyu County remarked that he had been required by
the local commune authorities to undergo "thought reform" for a
period of four days. Commune authorities in Paoan and Huitung counties are
understood to have, invited Hong Kong visitors to remain in China to work for
the Motherland, in both cases the suggestions were rejected.
出处：英国外交部档案FCO21/491
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