1966.12.30-12.31英国人看到的北京街头大字报
按：红色标记系录入者所加。
与“1966.12.26日英国人看到批判刘少奇的大字报”一样，本期档案也是摘自1967年1月4日英国驻华外交官上报英国外交部的“1966年12月24日至1967年1月3日间北京街头大字报选”。
文革时天安门附近成为贴大字报的好地方，英国外交官Whitney经常去那里看。12月30日下午他在天安门东侧的公安部门口外看到大量人群聚集，就前去观察，只听到门内工作人员在用大喇叭喊“公安部是无产阶级专政机关，群众不能冲进去，有意见可以选代表进来谈”。围观者太多，守卫公安部的军人试图清出一条路也没成功。毛时代的中国人对外国人很警惕，Whitney问不出聚集的原因，相反却遭到敌视和恶意提问，只好匆匆离开现场。
在批判刘少奇的大字报中，有一张提到刘少奇在1960年和王光英的谈话，Whitney猜测此人应该是王光美的姐妹，其实应该是哥哥。
12月30日和31日，英国人先后看到“反对联合行动委员会”、“揪出联动幕后黑手”的大字报，还有的大字报称“联动在毛泽东生日当天召开黑会，反对中央文革”，但此时英国人完全不知道“联合行动委员会”是干什么的，什么来路。
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CONFIDENTIAL
30 December
30. Public Security Forces
Ministry
of Public Security appears to be receiving increasing attention. On the
afternoon of 30 December there was a large crowd outside its headquarters in T’ien
An Men, which though it did not appear
particularly hostile or riotous, was
being exhorted by a female voice over a megaphone from inside the gates of the
Ministry to disperse and go
home. She claimed
that the Public Security Ministry was an organ of the
dictatorship of the proletariat and they could not simply burst in (ch'ung chin)
and cause confusion (ta luan). The
voice through the megaphone told
the crowd that if they had any demands to make they must send
in representatives and not try to burst into the building. At this point I left.
When I returned twenty minutes later, the crowd had grown and a male voice at
the megaphone was pointing out that the Central Committee, the Great Hall of
the People, the Broadcasting Station and the Ministry of Public Security were
sacrosanct and could not be broken into at will. He also claimed that the
Ministry of Public Security was faithfully carrying out the Cultural
Revolution. Soldiers were attempting to clear a path through the crowd with
little success. Since the majority of those present were onlookers, it was
impossible to determine what had led to this scene. By this
time the attention of the crowd around was centred on me and in the midst of
hostile glances and questions, I thought it time to leave.
A large-type serial poster not
far from T’ien An Men proclaimed
"We sternly demand that the Ministry of Public Security execute (chiang
pi) P'eng, Lo, Lu and Yang. A similar
poster demanded the "thorough re-organisation" of the Nant'ung Public
Security Bureau (Nant’ung is in Kiangsu Province).
31. Workers
I
was informed by the attendant at the taxi stand in Wang Fu-ching that workers were
electing delegations and despatching them to Peking.
32. Other
posters
(i)
A serial poster
near T'ien An Men ran as follows: The Kiangsi Party Committee is faithfully implementing
the bourgeois line of Liu Shao-ch'i.
(ii)
A poster put up
before my eyes read "We sternly demand that Li Fu-ch'un should go to
the 7th Ministry of Machine Building to investigate".
(iii)
Another poster
said: “Pluck out those
behind the United Action Committee" (there are several other references to
this Committee but I have not yet seen anything which clarifies its meaning).
(iv)
"Burn Ch’en Yi" (described as 'old officer
Ch'en'); "Bombard
the M.F.A. ". A strip poster in large characters
(v)
"Bombard T’ao Chu"; "Down with Hsiao
Wang-tung (5618,2598, 2639);
(vi)
"Bombard
the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs"; and
(vii)
"Kick Liu
Shao-ch i ard Teng Hsiao-p'ing out of the Politburo".
33 Liu
Shao-ch’i
There
are a large number of posters and cartoons attacking Liu, sometimes by himself
and sometimes in company with Teng Hsiao-p'ing.
A poster dated 24 December and
produced by the Ching Kang Shan group of Tsinghua University attacks both Liu
and Teng Hsiao-p’ing for their activities during the early part of the Cultural
Revolution. Both are accused of having aided and abetted P’eng Chen: had they not done so how would P'eng Chen’s
felonry programme have obtained the approval of the Central
Committee?" They are also both accused of suppressing the original posters
attacking them produced by Madame Nieh at Peita in May, and of sending their
own trouble-shooters (one is identified as Chiang Nan-hsiang (5592, 0589, 5046) (Minister of
Higher Education and Alternate Member of the Central Committee) to Peita to
prevent further attacks on them. Liu is accused of having attacked reivisionism
abroad but not at home in a speech made to the 4th
Plenary Meeting of the Philosophy and Social Sciences Department of the
Academia Sinica; furthermore, Liu is taken to task for his defence of the work
teams made in a speech on 29 July. Liu’s
daughter. Liu T’ao (0491, 3447) ,
is also criticised for having gone round tearing down
those posters which criticised her father. This incident occurred on 28 August.
A further set of posters
accuses Liu of having been a real rightist and false leftist during the
Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957. Yet
another set of posters gives a record of a conversation between Liu Shao-ch’i
and the family of Wang Kuang-ying (3769, 0342, 5391),
presumably Wang Kuang-mei’s sister, in August 1960. In this
conversation Liu gave his views on the international situation. The poster
says that the conversation was suffused with the spirit of '’self1' and contained entirely
unacceptable remarks about individualism. Liu went so far as to say that, as
the story of Ah Q showed, there was a difference between townsfolk and
countryfolk. This did not mean to say that either was better than the other,
but that they each had their own special characteristics.
34. United
Action Committee
A large strip poster read "Oppose the
United Action Committee".
31 December
35. T’ao
Chu
Several
more posters attacking T'ao Chu have appeared, dated 30 and 31 December. One
simply says "T’ao Chu is a two-faced hypocrite". A second group
of posters repeats this accusation and claims that T’ao Chu has suppressed the
revolutionary activities of the People’s University and demands that he return
there to make a self-confession. This
second group of posters was signed by students from the People's University.
36. United
Action Committee
A
poster on the pavement in T’ien An Men dated 31 December condemns
the United Action Committee for holding a ’’black meeting" on Mao’s 73rd
birthday (this was 26 December) to oppose the Cultural Revolution Commission
and Mao himself. (We are still not quite sure about the role of the United
Action Committee.)
37. Regional
A serial poster extends "respects to those fighters who took part
in
the (decisive ?) struggle in Sinkiang on
19 December”. Other posters
attack the Yunan Provincial Committee and the South-West Bureau.
38. Wu The
A long poster purported to expose the "real features" of Wu Teh
and the new Peking
Municipal Committee.
39. Po
I-Po
A
poster dated 30 December demanded that "revisionist" Po I-po should
be handed over to the workers.
40. Ministry of
National Defence
A
three-part serial poster not far from T’ien An Men proclaimed "Raze the
industrial office of the Ministry of Defence (ku* fang kung pan) , burn Li
Pu-ch’un and thoroughly
strike down the 7th Ministry of Machine Building"
41 News media
A
brief poster demanded that the "news media world" should be shaken
up.
42. Red Guard Rivalries
Red
Guard rivalries may be reflected in a poster signed by students
of the Film Academy which complains that some
people "do not allow others to speak” and goes on to accuse
the Third Headquarters of suppressing revolutionary activity.
43. Hunger
strike
A
serial poster voiced support for the struggle of the 4,000 people who
have gone on hunger strike. I was unable to decypher who or where these people
were.
出处：英国外交部档案FCO_21_21
